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The three previous industrial revolutions (from Industry 1.0 to Industry 3.0) gradually modified the form of agricultural activities. The traditional labor-intensive agriculture has been replaced by industrial agriculture through the adoption of industrial production patterns, industrial production processes, and industrial supply chain management in agriculture. Currently, industrialized food production and distribution dominates the global agriculture industry because this method is more productive and cost-effective. However, there still exist several issues that need to be addressed in the current status of industrial agriculture, such as ecological problems, lack of digitization, food safety issue, and inefficient agri-food supply chain. The fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) is ongoing, and is characterized by a fusion of emerging technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), robotics, Big Data, Artificial Intelligence (AI), and blockchain technology. At present, industrial production processes and supply chains have become more autonomous and intelligent. Correspondingly, the integration of Industry 4.0 and agriculture provides the opportunity to transform industrial agriculture into the next generation, namely, Agriculture 4.0. In this context, sustainable and intelligent industrial agriculture would be achieved through real-time variable fine-grained collection, processing, and analyzing of spatio-temporal data in all aspects of the agricultural industry, from food production, processing, distribution to consumer experience. Such a smart industrial agriculture ecosystem with real-time farm management, a high degree of automation, and data-driven intelligent decision-making would greatly improve productivity, agri-food supply chain efficiency, food safety, and the use of natural resources.